Information on the trade turnover in exports and imports of raw materials in Poland are prepared according to Combined Nomenclature (CN), which is deeply connected with the international classification system named Harmonized System - HS. Combined Nomenclature is the obligatory one in Polish Customs Tariff since 1991. The Combined Nomenclature is the part of the Integrated Tariff of the European Communities (TARIC) which was established by virtue of Article 2 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff. Regulation (EC) No 1789/2003 of 11 October 2003 amended the Regulation mentioned above. The Regulation established in 2003 is the obligatory one in Poland since the 1st of May 2004. In 2004, summary statistic for minerals and mineral commodities in Poland was presented in three groups: fuels, metals and industrial minerals. The total volume and value of imports-exports of the raw materials as well as for the particular groups of raw materials are presented in Table 53.1. Table 53.1 Mineral raw material imports and exports in 2004
The total value of the raw materials exports amounted to PLN 25,408 million ($ 6,884 million) in 2004 and was by 76.3 % higher than in the preceding year. The imports value amounted to PLN 40,262 million ($ 10,952 million) and was almost 50 % (49.1 %) higher than those in 2003. The exports-imports turnover balance was still negative and amounted to PLN 14,855 million in 2004. The highest values of imports, causing negative balance of the turnover value, related to such raw materials as crude oil (38.49 % of the total import value), petroleum products (19.66 %), natural gas (12.18 %), iron (9.09 %) and aluminium ores (4.46 %), nitrogen and multi-component fertilizers (1.45 %), phosphoric (1.3 %) and potassium (1.24 %) raw materials, dimension and crushed stones (1.11 %), insulating (0.45 %) and refractory materials (0.32 %).
The most important, as
regards the value of the raw materials exports in 2004, were: hard coal
and coal derivatives (39.39 % of the total import value), raw materials
and products of copper metallurgy (12.65 %), petroleum products The figure 53.1 shows the structure of exports and imports in Poland, i.e. total values and shares of various groups of commodities in the international turnover.
The variation of the imports-exports balance by value and quantity for the last 10 years is shown in Fig. 53.2.
The percentage contributions of the particular groups of raw materials to the value of exports in 2000-2004 are presented in Fig. 53.3 and Fig. 53.4.
The contributions to the export values have been oscillating in all mineral groups in last five years. The highest increase of the turnover value with respect to the previous year in the analysed period took place in 2004 in exports of power raw materials. It was above 12 %. The contribution of this group increased for the first time in the last three years. Fuels are still the most important group in polish exports value mainly thanks to the hard coal export. The highest decrease of the turnover value (9.5 %) was also observed in exports of fuels between 2001 and 2002 (Fig. 53.3).
The contribution to the
import values was stable within all mineral groups in the preceding period
of time (Fig. 53.4). The highest increase was noted in imports of
industrial minerals in 2002
Regarding quantity of raw materials exports it can be seen that the fuels and industrial minerals exports have been changing in the preceding period of time. The fuels exports dropped in 2002 and 2003 but in the last year there was a significant growth (by 1.8 million tons). The industrial minerals exports decreased in 2001 and 2002 but have been increasing for last two years. Metal raw materials exports have been rising regularly in the preceding period of time (Fig. 53.5). The fuels imports after four years of stability rose significantly in 2004 (by 4.1 million tons) and exceeded a 30-million tons level. The metal raw materials imports has been oscillating during five years, but there was a clearly growth in 2003 and 2002. The industrial minerals imports have been increasing during the whole analysed period (Fig. 53.6).
Regarding the exports, the highest was raw materials export to Germany. The export value to this country was PLN 8,404 million, which constituted 33.1 % of the total Polish raw materials exports value. Other country which contribution to the total Polish raw materials exports value exceeded 10 % was Czech Republic. Other important countries were Austria (6.3 %) and France (6.1 %) (Fig. 53.7 a). The major part of the mineral raw materials imports in 2004 came from Russia. The import value was PLN 21,687 million, which constitutes 53.9 % of the total mineral raw materials imports value in Poland. Other important countries were Germany (6.5 %), Ukraine (5.1 %) and Belarus (4.4 %) (Fig. 53.7 b).
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