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| Geological Quarterly (2000) - Vol. 44-02 |
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| By GQ |
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Jerzy NAWROCKI and Jacek GRABOWSKI
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Palaeomagnetism of Permian through Early Triassic sequences in central Spitsbergen: contribution to magnetostratigraphy
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............109
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A total of 297 samples for palaeomagnetic studies were collected from Upper Gzhelian through Spathian sediments of the Isfjorden area (central Spitsbergen). In spite of extensive Cenozoic remagnetisation the studied rocks yielded palaeomagnetic poles and magnetostratigraphy. Almost all Permian samples were reversely magnetised during Kiaman superchron. Normal-polarity samples appear in the Ufimian and Kazanian sediments. The topmost samples from the Kapp Starostin Formation (Upper Permian) contain reverse polarity. The magnetic polarity record noted in the Early Triassic (Griesbachian-Spathian) sequences is fully convergent with magnetic polarity schemes obtained in the Canadian Arctic and Deltadalen type section.
Jerzy Nawrocki and Jacek Grabowski, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: jnaw@pgi.waw.pl (received: November 24, 1999; accepted: December 1, 1999).
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Janina SZCZECHURA
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Palaeoenvironments of the Middle Miocene evaporite-bearing deposits from the Działoszyce Trough, Carpathian Foredeep, Poland, based on microfaunal studies
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............119
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Analysis of microfossil distribution (foraminifera, ostracodes and bolboforms) in evaporite-bearing deposits from the Działoszyce Trough (northern Carpathian Foredeep) has allowed the distinction of three ecozones: the Globigerinoides ecozone (Lower Badenian), the Globigerina ecozone (Middle and Upper Badenian) including an evaporitic horizon, and the Anomalinoides dividens ecozone (Sarmatian). These ecozones are of ecostratigraphical significance and reflect major sea-level changes. The highest stands of sea-level correspond with the Globigerinoides ecozone and the upper part of the Globigerina ecozone, above the evaporites, and they are considered to relate to an influx of oceanic waters. Drastic climatic changes (cooling) and a sea-level fall that weakened bottom water circulation at the boundary between the Globigerinoides and Globigerina ecozones are considered the major factors which accounted for hypoxia (an oxygen-poor environment) that accompanied evaporitic deposition. The appearance of a specific ostracod assemblage (Xylocythere carpathica Szczechura and ?Microxestoleberis sp.) in Upper Badenian deposits is linked with the occurrence of active submarine hydrocarbon seepages.
Janina Szczechura, Institute of Palaeobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, PL-00-818 Warszawa, Poland (received: September 18, 1999; accepted: February 21, 2000).
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Zofia KRYSIAK
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Tectonic evolution of the Carpathian Foredeep and its influence on Miocene sedimentation
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............137
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Structural analysis of the Miocene deposits of the northern marginal part of the Carpathian Foredeep, from the Nida Trough in the west to Tarnobrzeg in the east shows that three tectonic phases affected Neogene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep: (1) an Early Styrian phase - Early Badenian synsedimentary movements, (2) a Moldavian phase (Late-Styrian) - Early/Late Badenian, after deposition of gypsum and during deposition of the lower part of the Pecten Beds, (3) an Attican phase - Sarmatian-Pliocene(?), after deposition of the Krakowiec Beds. The two Badenian phases involved reactivation of NW-SE basement faults Early-Styrian phase activity along these faults resulted in facies changes and thickness variability in the Baranów Beds. Reactivation of these faults during the Moldavian phase resulted in a considerable increase of their throws. Strata in the footwalls of faults were antithetically rotated to form structural traps for subsequent hydrocarbon and sulphur deposits. During the Attican phase, a horizontal compression stress field (compression direction - 30-50°) produced transverse and oblique faults (NE-SW and ENE-WSW) with strike-slip and oblique-slip movements. These faults were responsible for "pumping" hydrocarbons into the earlier formed traps. Minor deformations within gypsum deposits and seismotectonic features of the Witów Gravels are also discussed.
Zofia Krysiak, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: October 25, 1999; accepted: December 10, 1999).
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Jadwiga JARZYNA and Maria BAŁA
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Measurements and interpretation of well logs in the Jeziórko sulphur deposit, Tarnobrzeg, Poland
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............157
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Geophysical logs of borehole F-380 drilled through the Jeziórko sulphur deposit near Tarnobrzeg are interpreted in terms of mineral composition and porosity. Measurements were made from a standard set of logs by Geokar Geophysical Co. and from using university prototype logging equipment developed for shallow boreholes. Comparative analysis was made of GR and gamma ray spectroscopry, density, neutron-gamma, epithermal neutron, and acoustic logs. The interpretation yielded values for the volume of limestone, clay mineral content, sulphur content, and porosity while the barite content in the sulphur deposit was determined from a four-log set (GR, neutron-gamma, density, and acoustic). A gamma ray log with the uranium window subtracted, GRS, used instead of GR, gave the distinct drop of shaliness and caused the distinct changes of sulphur content for selected intervals of the section examined. To test the geophysical interpretation, the sulphur content of core samples of limestone was determined by three different techniques: ICP-AES analysis, sample combustion in the LECO automatic analyser and X-ray phase analysis. Clay mineral identification in the overburden was attempted using the Th vs. K cross-plot. Acoustic full wavetrains were used for rapid identification of formation zones with different elastic parameters. The dynamic coefficient of rock elasticity, i.e. the Poisson coefficient, was obtained from P-wave and S-wave velocities, determined in situ from acoustic full wavetrains.
Jadwiga Jarzyna, Maria Bała, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-359 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: jarzyna@geol.agh.edu.pl (received: October 14, 1999; accepted: Marz 24, 2000).
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Krzysztof LESZCZYŃSKI
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The Late Cretaceous sedimentation and subsidence south-west of the Kłodawa Salt Diapir, central Poland
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............167
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The Upper Cretaceous sequence in the area located between Uniejów, Kłodawa and Ozorków, Central Poland, is dominated by carbonate and carbonate-siliceous deposits. They are represented by limestones, marly limestones, marls and opokas with local gaize intercalations in the uppermost part of the sequence. There is also a complex of Santonian-Campanian clastics immediately adjoining the present-day Mid-Polish Swell near the Kłodawa Salt Diapir. The clastics may represent gravity flow deposits associated with a strong uplift of the Izbica -Kłodawa-Łęczyca Zone due to salt movements during inversion of this structure related to the incipient phase of the Late Cretaceous inversion of the whole Mid-Polish Swell. These processes caused increasing morphological gradients when passing south-westwards to the neighbouring subsiding trough. Detailed sedimentological studies of the clastic series cannot be made due to insufficient material and poor core condition. Investigations of the regional facies distribution and sedimentation, performed both along the areas adjoining the present-day Mid-Polish Swell and in local inversion structures, may help in the elucidation of timing of the incipient tectonic inversion phase of the Mid-Polish Trough which was ultimately transformed into the Mid-Polish Swell during the Early Tertiary.
Krzysztof Leszczyński, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: December 2, 1999; accepted: December 17, 1999).
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Stefan MŁYNARSKI, Jędrzej POKORSKI, Lidia DZIEWIŃSKA, Waldemar JÓŹWIAK and Piotr ZIENTARA
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Deep reflection seismic experiments in western Poland
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............175
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The paper presents the interpretation of a composite seismic profile recorded to 18 s TWT which crosses western Poland from the south to north. The interpretation is based on data along the profiles GB-2, GB-2B-96 and 25-III-82 collected between 1987 and 1996. Two reflection horizons bordering the crystalline crust have been recognized: in the top - SK, and in the base (Moho - M). The Caledonian complex is distinguished in the northern part of the profile GB-2 north of the Dolsk Zone. The results obtained allow determination of crustal structure down to the Moho. Several deep fault zones have been delimited (in the regions of Dolsk, Szamotuły and Trans-European Fault) which cut the entire crust. Crustal thickness ranges from approximately 30 km in the Palaeozoic platform up to about 40 km along the Trans-European Suture Zone.
Stefan Młynarski, Jędrzej Pokorski, Lidia Dziewińska, Waldemar Jóźwiak, Piotr Zientara, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: March 16, 1999; accepted: January 15, 2000).
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Janina WISZNIEWSKA
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Strontium isotope ratios and REE geochemistry in the Suwałki anorthosites, NE Poland
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............183
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Strontium isotope ratios for 14 samples of anorthositic rocks in the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif (SAM) range from 0.704875 to 0.705772. The same isotopic ratios calculated for 1.5 Ga (the U-Pb zircon age of the rapakivi-like granites from adjacent Mazury Complex) range from 0.704583 to 0.705483. The corresponding eSr1500 values for the same rocks range from 25.5 to 39.0. The pronounced Eu anomaly which characterises the REE distribution in the anorthosite plagioclase is consistent with early crystallization from basic magma.
Janina Wiszniewska, Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: December 9, 1999; accepted: January, 5, 2000).
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Leszek LINDNER and Svetlana D. ASTAPOVA
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The age and geological setting of Pleistocene glacigenic beds around the border between Poland and Belarus
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............187
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Pleistocene glacigenic sediments around the Polish-Belarussian border are correlated. Tills of the Narevian Glaciation are present in both countries, are those in Poland possibly being order. Within the older South Polish Glaciations (Elsterian) there is no definite evidence of deposits of the Nidanian Glaciation in Belarus, though the younger of these glaciations (Sanian 1 and 2), seem to correspond to the Berezinian Glaciation sensu lato (Yaseldinian and Berezinian sensu stricto). During the older Middle Polish Glaciations (Saalian), comprising two glaciations (Liviecian, Krznanian), the Scandinavian ice sheets occupied Polish territory only. Till of the Odranian + Wartanian Glaciation in Poland is correlated with till of the Dnieperian Glaciation in Belarus. There are similar deposits of the Vistulian Glaciation (Poozerian) in both countries.
Leszek Lindner, Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland; Svetlana D. Astapova, Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich 7, 220141 Minsk, Belarus (received: November 9, 1999; accepted: December 13, 1999).
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Irina E. PAVLOVSKAYA
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The Middle and Late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial succession of eastern Belarus
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............199
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Detailed geological and palaeobotanical study of about 400 boreholes through Quaternary deposits in eastern Belarus has enabled the recognition of a number of Middle and Late Pleistocene interglacial sites and demonstrated the stratigraphical position of Alexandrian (Holsteinian) and Muravian (Eemian) Interglacial sediments. These stratigraphic markers are separated by a single glacial sequence, corresponding to the Dnieper (Saalian) Glaciation. This contradicts previous views suggesting the occurrence of two glaciations during the Late Middle Pleistocene in eastern Belarus (Dnieper and Sozh). The glacial sediments represent the recession phases of a glacial stage that may be correlated with the Drenthe Substage of the Saalian Glaciation.
Irina E. Pavlovskaya, Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich 7, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; e-mail: ipavl@ns.igs.ac.by (received: November 29, 1999; accepted: February 14, 2000).
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Katarzyna ISSMER
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Optical methods in the grain-size analysis of fine-grained sediments
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............205
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Optical methods now dominate the grain-size analysis of fine-grained sediments, because of their rapidity. The growing application of optical methods leads to statistical comparison of their results against those from sedimentation methods. Here, the Kołmogorow-Smirnow non-parametric test is demonstrated. Most agreement exists in the 50-20 and 20-6 mm fraction. In order to compare the optical and the combined methods, correlation ratios were calculated for all commonly used grain-size fractions. Regression equations were established for the 50-20 mm fraction.
Katarzyna Issmer, Quaternary Research and Geoecology Institute, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wieniawskiego 17/19, PL-61-713 Poznań, Poland; e-mail:issmer@man.poznan.pl (received: November, 5, 1999; accepted: February 2, 2000).
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Marek WIDERA
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Stratigraphy and lithology of Quaternary sediments in the Kleczew region and in key sections of the eastern Wielkopolska Lowland, central Poland
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............211
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The stratigraphy and lithology of the Quaternary deposits of the Kleczew region are analysed in a regional context. They can be correlated with the Preglacial, Narevian(?), South Polish, Middle Polish and Vistulian Glaciations, and the Podlasian, Zbójno and Eemian Interglacials. Large glaciotectonic structures, commonly encountered in lignite mines, proved useful in correlating grey tills of the older Pleistocene glaciations. Lithology, stratigraphy, thickness and palaeomorphology of the Pleistocene sediments were presented in the key sites Konin-Marantów, Mikorzyn, Sławoszewek and in 6 borehole sections. A regional lithostratigraphic scheme of the Quaternary in the eastern Wielkopolska Lowland was constructed basing on petrographic coefficients of tills, lithology, genesis and, finally, on hypsometric setting and thickness. In the light of these studies the maximum ice sheet unit of the Oldest Glaciation should be moved to the south from Kleczew. Moreover, tills of the Odranian, Wartanian and Vistulian Glaciations were found.
Marek Widera, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznań, Poland (received: October 10, 1999; accepted: March 24, 2000).
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