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| Geological Quarterly (1999) - Vol. 43-04 |
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| By GQ |
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Anna WYSOCKA
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Depositional and tectonic controls on Early Badenian clastic sedimentation in the Sandomierz-Tarnobrzeg area (Baranów Beds, northern Carpathian Foredeep)
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............383
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The distribution, sedimentary environment and tectonic evolution of the Lower Badenian clastic deposits (Baranów Beds) in the area between Sandomierz and Tarnobrzeg are described. These deposits represent two facies: transitional marine, continental and open marine. The morphology and microtextures of quartz grains from the Świniary sand pit indicate changing sedimentary environments in the upper part of the Baranów Beds: from a marine shore influenced zone gradually through to deeper conditions. The thickness distribution of these deposits shows the influence of a nearby fault zone.
Anna Wysocka, Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland (received: June 6, 1999; accepted: July 25, 1999).
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Wiesław STUDENCKI
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Red-algal limestones in the Middle Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland: facies variability and palaeoclimatic implications
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............395
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The distribution of red-algal limestones in the Middle Miocene marine deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep is described. Main facies types are briefly characterized, based on the morphology of red-algal thalli and major rock-forming fossil groups. The following facies have been recognized to date: algal-vermetid reefs, biohermal limestones, rhodolith pavement facies, branching algal facies, algal-bryozoan facies, and algal-amphisteginid facies. An organodetrital facies rich in red-algal fragments has also been reported. Basing on comparison with the present day, algal-vermetid reefs and biohermal limestones are referred to the shallowest, high-energy conditions, typical of intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. Rhodolith pavements, along with associated algal-bryozoan and algal-amphisteginid facies, formed in a wide range of environmental conditions: from nearshore to open marine, under various hydrodynamic regimes. The branching algal facies was confined to bottom elevations in open marine conditions. The red-algal limestones from the Middle Miocene of Poland are here recognized as a direct, close analogue of the recent rhodalgal lithofacies, typical of the temperate climatic zone, and thus indicating temperate depositional conditions. This interpretation conflicts with the traditional one based on faunal indicators suggesting subtropical to tropical conditions.
Wiesław Studencki, Bernardyńska 5/36, PL-02-304 Warszawa, Poland (received: July 8, 1999; accepted: August 3, 1999).
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Maciej BĄBEL
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Facies and depositional environments of the Nida Gypsum deposits (Middle Miocene, Carpathian Foredeep, southern Poland)
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............405
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Seven facies (five primary and two diagenetic) and 12 subfacies are distinguished within the Nida Gypsum deposits which are a part of the widespread Middle Miocene (Badenian) evaporites of the Carpathian Foredeep cropping out in vicinity of Busko in southern Poland. Facies are defined as products of specific mechanisms of evaporitic deposition: syntaxial bottom growth of gypsum crystals, microbial gypsum deposition (mainly gypsification of organic mats), mechanical deposition and diagenetic and weathering processes. Primary facies and subfacies, and their uncommon sedimentary structures (such as: up to 3.5 m high bottom-grown gypsum crystals, several metres high selenitic domes, gypsum stromatolite domes, halite-solution collapse breccias) record a varied shallow water (0-5 m) evaporitic environment, controlled mainly by depth, salinity and climate.
Maciej Bąbel, Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: babel@geo.uw.edu.pl (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: September 20, 1999).
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Maciej BĄBEL
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History of sedimentation of the Nida Gypsum deposits (Middle Miocene, Carpathian Foredeep, southern Poland)
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............429
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The Nida Gypsum deposits are the best exposed in Poland part of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) evaporites of the Carpathian foreland basin. These deposits record various shallow water (<< 5 m) evaporative environments. The facies sequence in the lower part of evaporites reflects shallowing (up to emersion) and than deepening accompanied with salinity rise up to halite precipitation. The salinity rise was arrested by refreshment promoting subaqueous dissolution of sodium chloride. This event was followed by the second large salinity rise and then final dilution of brine which finished evaporative sedimentation. The described two saline cyclothems are recognizable over large area of Carpathian foreland basin.
Maciej Bąbel, Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: babel@geo.uw.edu.pl (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: September 20, 1999).
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Alicja KASPRZYK
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Sedimentary evolution of Badenian (Middle Miocene) gypsum deposits in the northern Carpathian Foredeep
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............449
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In the northern peripheral part of the Carpathian Foredeep, the Middle Miocene (Badenian) gypsum deposits comprise two major, laterally extensive members: the lower is mostly autochthonous, of selenitic facies and the upper is allochthonous, of clastic facies and cumulate deposits. Towards the south, gypsum is replaced in the subsurface by anhydrite which displays relict textures of the primary gypsum. The facies variation and succession throughout the gypsum section, as well as geochemical indicators, reflect varied sedimentary conditions on the basin margin. Deposition took place on the periphery of a platform made up of a system of widespread shallow-water lagoons (sub-basins) separated by fault-controlled, NW-SE elongated islands or shoals. In these physiographically differentiated palaeoenvironments, facies relationships were largely diachronous. The water depth varied from a few metres to some tens of metres, and subaerial exposure episodically affected the gypsum deposition, as suggested from the sedimentary record and comparison of the facies with modern evaporitic environments. Variations in brine depth, salinity and water dynamics are expressed in the cyclic succession of the progressively changing facies associations. Sedimentary conditions changed drastically at the boundary of the lower (selenitic) and upper (clastic) members, and at the end of sulphate deposition, following major sea-level changes.
Alicja Kasprzyk, Holy Cross Branch, Polish Geological Institute, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, Poland (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: September 23, 1999).
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Barbara STUDENCKA
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Remarks on Miocene bivalve zonation in the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep
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............467
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Middle Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) bivalve faunas from the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland were analysed in order to determine their potential stratigraphic importance. The study revealed that selected pectinid species are useful to characterize the Badenian substages, but that comparison of pectinid assemblages from Poland and Hungary indicates that subdivision of the Badenian based on pectinids holds true only within individual basins of the Central Paratethys. On the other hand, the strong similarity of the Polish Sarmatian bivalve assemblages to assemblages from other basins of the Fore-Carpathian part as well as from the Euxino-Caspian part of the Paratethyan Province makes the molluscan biozonation of the Eastern Paratethys valid for Poland.
Barbara Studencka, Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Na Skarpie 20/26, PL-00-488 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: mzpaleo@warman.com.pl (received: September 8, 1999; accepted: September 12, 1999).
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Przemysław GEDL
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Palaeoenvironmental and sedimentological interpretations of the palynofacial analysis of the Miocene deposits from the Jamnica S-119 borehole (Carpathian Foredeep, Poland)
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............479
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Analysis of the palynofacies from the Miocene deposits from the Jamnica S-119 borehole allows to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental and sedimentological conditions prevailing during deposition of the Machów Formation and upper part of the Baranów Beds in the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Relatively shallow-marine environment during the sedimentation of the lower part of the Pecten Beds was replaced by a more off-shore setting in its upper part. The boundary between the Pecten Beds and the Krakowiec Clays reflects a major sea level fall and/or an increase in salinity and terrestrial matter influx. The lower part of the Krakowiec Clays was deposited as a pelagic sediment in a deep-water off-shore marine setting, whereas younger deposits of this unit are a result of deltaic sedimentation under reduced salinity.
Przemysław Gedl, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, PL-31-002 Kraków, Poland (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: July 7, 1999).
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Anna SADOWSKA
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Sarmatian palynoflora from Jamnica near Tarnobrzeg (Carpathian Foredeep) - environmental and climatic implications
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............493
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The palynological profile of Middle Miocene marine deposits from the Jamnica S-119 borehole is described, and the Miocene plant communities, growing on the shores of the Paratethys sea and on the adjacent uplands, are reconstructed. The age of deposits is probably Early Sarmatian, though there are close similarities between Early Sarmatian and Late Badenian pollen spectra.
Anna Sadowska, Institute of Geological Sciences, Wrocław University, Cybulskiego 30, PL-50-205 Wrocław, Poland (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: July 7, 1999).
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Jolanta PARUCH-KULCZYCKA
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Genus Silicoplacentina (Class Amoebina) from the Miocene Machów Formation (Krakowiec Clays) of the northern Carpathian Foredeep
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............499
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Representatives of the genus Silicoplacentina have been found in the Jamnica S-119 borehole and in an open pit at the Machów mine in the upper part of the Krakowiec Clays (Machów Formation). They represent the thecamoebians, which have not been previously described from the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Silicoplacentina species are accompanied by foraminifers of the genus Miliammina characteristic of the Pannonian, Sarmatian relict forms of the genera Quinqueloculina, Elphidium and Nonion, as well as fragments of fish, otoliths and ostracods. A Late Sarmatian foraminiferal assemblage of the Protelphidium subgranosum Zone, already known in earlier literature, occurs below the deposits with Silicoplacentina. Such a microfaunal succession may suggest that the microfossil assemblage found in the Jamnica S-119 borehole and Machów open pit comes from yet higher levels of the Krakowiec Clays than those previously described from the Protelphidium subgranosum Zone. A strong connection with microfauna from the Intra-Carpathian basins of the eastern Paratethys is marked in these youngest assemblages.
Jolanta Paruch-Kulczycka, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: June 25, 1999).
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Elżbieta KRÓL, Maria JELEŃSKA
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The local magnetostratigraphic scale for the supra-evaporitic Miocene deposits in the northern part of Carpathian Foredeep and its stratigraphic implications (drill-core Jamnica S-119)
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............509
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The purpose of this study - to elaborate the local magnetostratigraphic sequence in the complete Jamnica S-119 core of Miocene marine sediments representing the time span from the Upper Badenian to Late Sarmatian/beginning of Pannonian(?), has been solved positively. The obtained results fulfill 6 of 10 criteria deciding about the proper quality of magnetostratigraphic data. The ferrosulphides - greigite and smythite - being the carriers of chemical magnetic remanence of secondary origin, had been identified for the first time in the examined Miocene sediments in Poland. Although the remanent magnetization has the secondary character - it has been acquired in short time after deposition of studied sequence of sediments - the obtained polarity sequence of the Earth magnetic field correlates properly with the fragment of the Global Polarity Time Scale between polarity chrones C3Br.3r and C5n.2n (~7.4-10.7 Ma). In spite of conducting the additional biostratigraphic studies of the investigated profile in the frame of this project there still exists unsolved question of the more precise location of the stratigraphic boundaries between the substages of the Middle Miocene against the time scale.
Elżbieta Król, Maria Jeleńska, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Janusza 64, PL-01-452 Warszawa, Poland (received: June 9, 1999; accepted: September 20, 1999).
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Tadeusz GUNIA
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Microfossils from the high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Góry Sowie Mts. (Sudetes area) and their stratigraphical importance
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............519
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Unconventional micropalaeontological methods have been employed in order to examine calcareous-silicic rocks and intercalations of crystalline limestones from 7 localities of "diabasic amphibolites"* in the gneissic Góry Sowie Block. Very poorly preserved microflora and relicts of skeletal fauna, i.e. fragments of radiolarians, calcareous shells of Hyolithes, problematic conoidal forms and minut ?brachiopod shells have been found for the first time in the investigated rocks. A few specimens belonging to Archaeogastropoda, Ostracoda and ?Vermes have been identified, too. The microfossil assemblage contains also problematic taxa. The discovery of microfossils including skeletal fauna in crystalline limestones (marbles) enclosed in "schistose diabasic amphibolites" of the Góry Sowie Block has an outstanding stratigraphical importance. It is possible now to accept that the rocks are undoubtedly younger than Precambrian. The most probable age would be Cambrian. There have been over 10 isotopic datings reported for the Góry Sowie Mts. Various methods have been used and different minerals examined. Most of the ages fall within the Ordovician. There are also rather extreme results pointing to the Proterozoic and Devonian, and even to the Early Carboniferous.
Tadeusz Gunia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Wrocław University, M. Born Sg. 9, PL-50-204 Wrocław, Poland (received: May 21, 1999; accepted: July 22, 1999).
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Grzegorz BARCZYK, Włodzimierz HUMNICKI, Grażyna ŻURAWSKA
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Selected hydrogeological parameters calculated for Tatric vaucluse springs
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............537
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The analysis of the drying up curves is essential for the recognition of hydroregime in the Tatra karst areas. The most of big springs and karst springs are characterized by the drying up curves having two parts with the completely different slope of the curve. The steep section represents, according to this interpretation, a local groundwater basin, and the section with mild slope represents a regional water basin. For the karst springs selected the calculations of the average underground outflow have been made using various methods. The basic outflow, average "drying up" coefficient and QRO from Mangin formula have been estimated as well.
Grzegorz Barczyk, Włodzimierz Humnicki, Grażyna Żurawska, Institute of Hydrogeology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: gb59@geo.uw.edu.pl (received: July 7, 1999; accepted: September 12, 1999).
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Aleksander NOWIŃSKI, Mikołaj K. ZAPALSKI
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New tabulate coral from the Tournaisian of the Dębnik Anticline, Poland
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............547
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Verolites polonicus sp.n. (Tabulata, Syringoporida) from the Lower Carboniferous (Upper Tournaisian, Lower Caninia - C1) of the Silesia-Cracow Upland (Dębnik Anticline, Czatkowice quarry) is described and illustrated. This is the third species of the poorly known genus Verolites Tchudinova. The new species differs from the type species (V. rarus Tchudinova) in subcerioidal structure of corallum composed of prismatic corallites with smaller and undifferentiated diameters, greater number of connecting pores of smaller diameters, very rare connecting tubes, lack of connecting platforms, and more strongly developed spines on tabulae.
Aleksander Nowiński, Institute of Palaeobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, PL-00-818 Warszawa, Poland; Mikołaj K. Zapalski, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland (received: May 5, 1999; accepted: June 20, 1999).
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