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| Special Papers (2005) – Vol. 16 |
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| By SP |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP “RECONSTRUCTION OF QUATERNARY PALAEOCLIMATE AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR ABRUPT CHANGES”
29 September – 2 October, 2004
Białowieża, Poland
Scientific Editors: Hanna WINTER, Panagiotis BALABANIS
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PREFACE
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The international workshop “Reconstruction of Quaternary palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments and their abrupt changes”in Białowieża, Poland, September 29th – October 2nd, 2004 has been organised by the Polish Geological Institute Centre of Excellence: Research on Abiotic Environment (REA) in cooperation with University in Białystok. The workshop took place in a small village close to the Białowieża Primeval Forest.
The major goal of the workshop was the presentation of palaeoclimate reconstruction and palaeoenvironments changes in the Quaternary, with the special emphasis on palaeobotanical data (pollen analysis, macroremains analysis, diatom analysis and testate ameobae).
42 participants from 7 countries took part in the workshop. The workshop was divided into two parts: lectures sessions and field trips. The oral (17) and poster (8) presentations covered a wide range of themes and focused on the paleobotanical methods, which are remarkably suitable for environmental reconstruction at the past, from the Early Pleistocene to the last millennia including aspects of a new method (testate amoebae analysis as a new tool for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments). One of the main topic was the reconstruction based on fossil pollen data of climate and vegetations dynamics during the Eemian Interglacial, the last glacial period, and the last glacial/postglacial transition in Europe. The workshop stressed a need to integrate multidisciplinary approaches in the understanding of the past climate changes.
During the field trips the participants examined forest communities in a Special Protection Area (SPA) of the Białowieża Primeval Forest. Prof. J. Faliński presented a variety of ecosystems and long-term dynamics of the forest communities changes in respect to human impact. The history of the past and origin of plant communities of Białowieża Forest during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene have also been presented.
The workshop showed how the international funding and networking may be used for scientific development, and it was greatly appreciated by researchers from Central and Eastern Europe.
SCIENTIFIC EDITORS
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VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGES AT THE EEMIAN/WEICHSELIAN TRANSITION: NEW PALYNOLOGICAL DATA FROM CENTRAL RUSSIAN PLAIN
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Olga K. BORISOVA
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Laboratory of Evolutionary Geography, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Staromonetny 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia;
e-mail: olga@yas.geogr.msu.su
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Abstract. Palynological analysis of core Butovka obtained from the Protva River basin 80 km south-west of Moscow (55°10´N, 36°25´E) provides a record of vegetation and climate change in the central Russian Plain spanning the Last Interglacial and the beginning of the following glacial epoch. Pollen profiles of the Mikulino (Eemian) Interglaciation in the Central Russian Plain show a distinctive pattern of the vegetation changes, reflecting an increase in temperatures towards the optimum phase of the interglaciation followed by a gradual cooling. Rapid climatic deterioration, manifesting an onset of the Valdai (Weichselian) Glaciation, took place after a slower cooling accompanied by increasing humidity of climate during the post-optimum part of the Mikulino Interglaciation. The interglacial/glacial transition had a complex structure, being marked by a sequence of secondary climatic oscillations of varying magnitude. A decreasing role of mesophilic plants and an increase in abundance and diversity of the xerophytes and plants growing at present in the regions with highly continental climate in the Butovka pollen record suggests that during the Early Valdai the climate grew both more continental and arid. With this tendency at the background, two intervals of climatic amelioration can be distinguished. Both of them are marked by the development of the open forest communities similar to the contemporary northern taiga of West Siberia. The latter of the two warm intervals had a larger magnitude of temperature changes than the first one, as indicated by a greater landscape role of dark-coniferous trees (Picea + Abies + Pinus sibirica). Based on its stratigraphic position and inferred features of climate and vegetation, the latter of the two warm intervals identified in the Butovka pollen profile can be correlated with the Upper Volga Interstade in the Russian Plain, or the Brörup Interstade in West Europe. We can also tentatively correlate it with warm DO event 23 as reflected in the oxygen isotope record from the Northern Greenland deep ice-core (NorthGRIP Members, 2004). A slighter and shorter warming within the first cold stage of the Early Valdai probably had an interphasial rank and corresponded to a shorter DO event 24 in the NorthGRIP oxygen-isotope curve.
Key words: palynology, the Eemian/Weichselian transition, Central Russian Plain.
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SULPHATE REDUCTION — METHANE OXIDATION: A POTENTIAL ROLE OF THIS PROCESS IN THE ORIGIN OF C ISOTOPE ENVIRONMENTAL
RECORD IN FRESHWATER CARBONATES
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Mariusz O. JĘDRYSEK
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Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland;
e-mail: morion@ing.uni.wroc.pl
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Abstract. It is demonstrated that microbial oxidation of organic compounds (including methane), in freshwater sediments, may result in precipitation of carbonates, which may become an important geochemical archive of palaeoenvironmental variations. Most probably low 13C value in calcite in eutrophic systems results from an advanced oxidation of organic compounds in turbulent or/and sulphate-rich conditions. Likewise, high 13C value in calcite from organic-rich sediments may evidence low red-ox potential of the freshwater system. More advanced studies might help to calibrate a new tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Oxidation of methane and organic matter results in significant isotope effects in sulphates dissolved in water. Therefore, to better understand the origin of carbon isotope signal in carbonates, concentration and stable isotope measurements in dissolved sulphate (water column), bubble methane and calcite (freshwater sediments) have been carried out in 24 lakes, 2 ponds and 4 rivers in Poland.
Dissolved sulphate is a major compound of freshwater systems and sulphur, being an important bioelement, controls many processes in lakes therefore quality of water (e.g. microbial sequestration of organic compounds, inhibitor of methane ebullitive flux). The highest concentration of sulphate has been detected in rivers (85.47 SO42- mg/l) and an artificial lake (70.3 SO42- mg/l) located in the extremely -polluted region called the “Black Triangle”. The lowest concentration of sulphate are found in dystrophic and mountain lakes (from 0.5 to about 3 SO42- mg/l ). The lowest d34S(SO42-) and d18O(SO42-) values occur in unpolluted lakes in Eastern Poland (–0.94 and 1.38‰, respectively). The highest d34S(SO42-) and d18O(SO42-) values are found in polluted lakes in western Poland and dystrophic lakes (12.95 and 16.15‰, respectively). It is proposed that d34S(SO42-) and d18O(SO42-) values in lakes represent a good tool to asses and quantify anthropogenic impact by acid precipitation and to monitor variations in the trophic state and redox processes controlled by biodegradation of organic compounds in sediments and water column. In contrast to clean lakes, an increase of the value with increasing depth of the d13C(CH4) water column, in a strongly contaminated lake, is observed. This is probably due to a loss of biological buffering potential of the lake accompanied by an active oxidation of methane precursors.
Key words: freshwater, carbon, oxygen, sulphur, methane, carbonates, sulphates, isotopes, anthropogenic impact.
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PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGES DURING THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE RECORDED IN THE LACUSTRINE-BOGGY-FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS AT KOMORNIKI, NE POLAND
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Galina KHURSEVICH1, Małgorzata NITA2, Andrzej BER3, Aleksander SANKO1, Svetlana FEDENYA1
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1 Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich 7, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; e-mail: khurs@ns.igs.ac.by
2 Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; e-mail: nita@us.edu.pl
3 Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: andrzej.ber@pgi.gov.pl
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Abstract. The lacustrine-boggy-fluvial sequence at Komorniki, NE Poland was subject to complex (geological, palynological, diatomological and malacological) investigations. These sediments occur between the Narevian and Nidanian glaciations tills and belong to the Augustovian Interglacial of Poland correlated with the Cromerian 1 Interglacial of the Netherlands. Two cold stages of a glacial rank and one warm stage of interglacial rank (with dominant pollen of Quercus, Ulmus, Carpinus, Alnus, Tilia and Corylus in sediments corresponding to the climatic optimum) have been distinguished in the pollen succession. The latter is similar to that known from the Augustovian Interglacial profiles at Szczebra, Kalejty and Czarnucha. Diatom succession from the Komorniki section includes certain unidentified, apparently new small species of Stephanodiscus, Staurosirella and Pseudostaurosira side be side with the Pleistocene extinct taxon of Stephanodiscus niagarae var. insuetus and a relatively widespread species of S. rotula characterizing by some morphological peculiarities. In the composition of the malacofauna the fluvial extinct species of Fagotia wuesti and Sphaerium cf. rivicola are the most important molluscs for the biostratigraphy. Among them, Sphaerium cf. rivicola is known from the late Tiglian in the Netherlands. Fagotia wuesti is characteristic of the Bavel Interglacial in the Netherlands, as well as of the Borntal and Artern interglacials in Germany.
Key words: lithology, pollen analysis, diatoms, malacofauna, palaeoenvironment, Lower Pleistocene, NE Poland.
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VEGETATION RESPONSES TO CLIMATIC CHANGES DURING THE LATE GLACIAL ACCORDING TO PALAEOBOTANICAL DATA IN WESTERN LITHUANIA; A PRELIMINARY RESULTS
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Dalia KISIELIENE1, Migle STANCIKAITE1, Algimantas MERKEVICIUS2, Reda NAMICKIENE2
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1 Institute of Geology and Geography, T. Sevcenkos 13, LT-03223, Vilnius, Lithuania
2 Vilnius University, Universiteto 3, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract. The organic-rich material has been studied from the bottom part of lacustrine sediments of the Lake Kasuciai, western Lithuania. Radiocarbon dates and palaeobotanical data showed that these sediments accumulated between 13,500 and 9000 14C yr BP. The Late Glacial interstadial is defined by the dominance of Characeae and accumulation of carbonate. The Bølling is characterized by the pioneer taxa and the communities of open habitats. During the Allerød pine replaced the light demanding taxa that show development of a closer woodland habitat and dryness of climate. The short period between Bølling and Allerød with increasing representation of Betula and plants typical for the highly eroded habitats could be correlated with Older Dryas. The onset of the Younger Dryas is marked by degradation of the forest cover and expansion of heliophytic grasses. Entire vegetation cover with birch and pine forest was settled during the Preborial. Formation of calcareous sediments and appearance of thermophilous taxa confirm the climatic amelioration.
Key words: environmental changes, pollen and plant macroremains, Late Glacial, western Lithuania.
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TWO CLIMATIC OSCILLATIONS DURING THE EEMIAN INTERGLACIAL
— PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MULTI-PROXY RESEARCHES
OF PALAEOLAKE AT SOLNIKI, NE POLAND
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Mirosława KUPRYJANOWICZ1, Dariusz CISZEK2, Joanna MIROSŁAW-GRABOWSKA3, Barbara MARCINIAK3, Monika NISKA4
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1 Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20 b,15-950 Białystok, Poland; e-mail: kuprbot@uwb.edu.pl
2 Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Wrocław University, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: darcis@interia.pl
3 Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; e-mails: jmirosla@twarda.pan.pl, bmarcini@twarda.pan.pl
4 Institute of Geography, Pomeranian Pedagogical University, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; e-mail: monikaniska@wp.pl
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Abstract. Lake series from the Eemian Interglacial and Early Vistulian has been discovered at Solniki in the Białystok Upland region, north-eastern Poland. Preliminary results of interdisciplinary researches (pollen, diatom, Cladocera, isotopic and magnetic susceptibility analyses) were used to illustrate the changes of the Eemian climate. At present stage of investigations, there are found signs of two abrupt climatic oscillations — first with very humid climate took place at middle part of the regional Carpinus pollen zone (E5 R PAZ), and second with cold and dry climate at middle part of the regional Pinus zone (E7 R PAZ).
Key words: pollen, diatom, Cladocera, stable isotope, magnetic susceptibility, climate changes, Eemian Interglacial, NE Poland.
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TESTATE AMOEBAE (PROTISTS) AS PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN PEATLANDS
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Mariusz LAMENTOWICZ1, Edward A.D. MITCHELL2
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1 Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; e-mail: mariuszl@amu.edu.pl
2 Laboratoire des Systèmes Écologique — ECOS — École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), and Institut Fédéral de Recherches WSL, Antenne Romande, Case postale 96, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; e-mail: edward.mitchell@epfl.ch
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Abstract. Testate amoebae (or testaceans, Testacea, Arcellaceans) are unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater or most terrestrial habitats such as soils, mosses, lakes, rivers, as well as brackish habitats such as estuaries. They are very abundant in Sphagnum mosses, where they live in the top part of mosses and the oxygenated part of the peat. The tests (shells) of Testacea are well preserved in peat and to a lesser extent in lake sediments.
Efforts should be concentrated on constructing reliable regional transfer functions (mathematical representation of relation of species to environmental variables — presence of particular taxa in fossil material is the function of past environmental parameters), as they exist for some world areas, and there is a complete lack of them for central Europe. Polish data are exceptionally important because Poland is under several contrasted climatic influences — from oceanic to continental. The comparison of our data on climatic tendencies with those from Western Europe and the rest of the world will show how similar or different the responses of Polish peatlands might be.
The paper has three aims: (a) to present the need for ecological studies on testate amoebae in Central Europe, (b) to show the potential of reconstruction of past environment on the basis of multiproxy studies that include testate amoebae as an integral part of the palaeoecology toolbox and (c) to put our research efforts on testate amoebae in Poland in a more global perspective.
Key words: Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, testate amoebae, protozoa, transfer function, pollen analysis, Holocene, palaeoecology, hydrology, climate, Tuchola Pinewoods.
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THE RESULTS OF PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AS THE EVIDENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RZUCEWO CULTURE NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT ON THE COAST OF THE PUCK LAGOON
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Grażyna MIOTK-SZPIGANOWICZ1, Danuta KRÓL2
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1Polish Geological Institute, Branch of Marine Geology, Kościerska 5, 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: grazyna.miotk-szpiganowicz@pgi.gov.pl
2The Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: dankak@archeologia.pl
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Abstract. Archaeological investigations have been performed for years in the vicinity of the Rzucewo Headland, on the western shore of the Puck Lagoon. The best known site of the Neolithic Rzucewo Culture is located there. Also palynological investigation was performed earlier in this area. The present article is an attempt at recapitulating the obtained information.
Materials for the palynological tests came both from organic sediments, which occur on the shore of the present Lagoon, and directly from archaeological excavations.
The obtained results of both the palynological and archaeological tests made it possible to find out that the earliest traces of the economic activity of humans in this area belong to settlement which was earlier than that of the Rzucewo Culture. This Paraneolithic settlement is dated at the end of the Atlantic Period. The area under investigation was covered then by peatlands and lake, which determined that the main economic activity of humans was fishing, and animal husbandry done on a small scale was only an extra activity of the then population.
Archaeologically dated at 4400–3700 years BP, the settlement of the Rzucewo Culture developed when the sea transgressed into the area of the present Puck Lagoon. The results of the research shows that in the economic activity of the inhabitants of the settlement both animal husbandry and farming were treated as matters of secondary importance, while fishing and seal hunting were the main activities. The impact on the environment resembled Mesolithic economy rather than that of the Neolithic Age, hence traces of this activity are poorly visible in pollen diagrams.
Key words: pollen analysis, seal hunters, Rzucewo Culture, Neolithic settlement, palynology, the Puck Lagoon, Rzucewo Headland.
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RECONSTRUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE EEMIAN PALAEOLAKES ON THE BASIS OF ISOTOPIC DATA
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Joanna MIROSŁAW-GRABOWSKA
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Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: jmirosla@twarda.pan.pl
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Abstract. Results of oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Eemian lacustrine sediments from two sites from central Poland are presented. The Besiekierz palaeolake is located about 25 km north of Łódź at 130 m a.s.l. The 4 m thick sediments are represented by silty sands and clayey silts, overlain by gyttja and organic silts and peat. The Studzieniec palaeolake is located near Sierpc at 112 m a.s.l. The sediments above 19 m thick of Studzieniec core were analysed. The succession contains silty sands and clayey silts on the bottom, then gyttja, organic silts and peat in the upper part. Results of pollen analysis document that the sediments from Besiekierz and Studzieniec accumulated during the final part of the Wartanian Glaciation through to the Vistulian Glaciation. Based on the results of stable isotope analyses of sediments the isotopic horizons (Is) were defined and characterized for each succession. Results of isotopic analysis correlated with pollen data enabled reconstruction of both climatic and hydrological processes such: a lake deepening and/or an influx of groundwater enriched in light isotopes (at Besiekierz — Is 3-Be; at Studzieniec — Is 3-St); a warming of climatic conditions (at Besiekierz — Is 3–8-Be; at Studzieniec — Is 3–6-St); an increase of biological activity or existence of methanogenesis (at Studzieniec — Is 7-St). The positive correlation of d18O and d13C curves is characterized for the closed system of lake.
Key words: stable isotopes, Eemian Interglacial, palaeoenvironment, central Poland.
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DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION AT THE LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIAL/INTERGLACIAL TRANSITION (NEW DATA FROM THE CENTER OF THE EAST EUROPEAN PLAIN)
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Elena Yu. NOVENKO1, Andrei A. VELICHKO1, I.S. SUGANOVA, Frank W. JUNGE2, Tatjana BOETTGER3
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1 Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Staromonetny 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: lenanov@mail.ru
2 Saxon Academy of Sciences, Karl-Tauchnitz-Str. 1, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; e-mail: junge@saw-leipzig.de
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UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Th.-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany; e-mail: boettger@halle.ufz.de
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Abstract. The organic sediments at the Cheremoshnik site (the centre of the East European Plain) have been reinvestigated by pollen and macrofossil analysis in order to gather more detailed information on vegetation dynamics during the Late Pleistocene Glacial/Interglacial transition (boundary between OIS 6 and OIS 5e). Two phases of vegetation can be determined: an earlier forest substage (“warm”) and a later (“cold”) substage, when the forest communities were reduced in their area. There are probably some similar features between the succession of vegetation at the end of Dnieper (Saale) cold epoch and during the Valdai (Weichselian) Late Glacial (Alleröd and Younger Dryas).
Key words: pollen records, vegetation dynamics, Eemian, the East European Plain.
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RECONSTRUCTION OF PALAEOTEMPERATURES OF PLEISTOCENE INTERGLACIAL INTERVALS OF BELARUS FROM PALYNOLOGICAL EVIDENCES
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Tatiana RYLOVA1, Irina SAVCHENKO1
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3 Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str. 7, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; e-mail: rylova@ns.igs.ac.by
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Abstract. In this article you will find the results of palaeoclimatical reconstructions made for Belovezhian, Mogilevian, Alexandrian, Muravian interglacials Pleistocene of Belarus on the basis of detailed palynological studying of composition fossil pollen flora. It was used the method of overlapping of “climatic areals” plants — components of the fossil flora. Reconstruction of palaeotemperature ranges are made for each of the picked up regional pollen zones that has allowed to trace process of changing palaeotemperatures during chronologically consecutive phases in development of flora and vegetation of every interglacials.
The reconstructions performed for four interglacials of the Pleistocene of Belarus have shown that temperatures of the warmest and coldest months were similar to each other and the highest ones recorded during the climatic optima of the Belovezhian and Muravian interglacials. The Mogilevian and Alexandrian interglacials were also similar in palaeotemperature parameters, but colder than the above-mentioned interglacials.
Key words: fossil palynoflora, reconstruction of palaeotemperatures, Pleistocene.
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MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY IN THE LIGHT OF DATA FROM THE VILKISKES SITE, EASTERN LITHUANIA
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Jonas SATKUNAS1, Anatoly MOLODKOV2
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1 Geological Survey of Lithuania, Konarskio 35, LT 03123 Vilnius, Lithuania; e-mail: jonas.satkunas@lgt.lt
2 Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Blvd. 7, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia; e-mail: molodkov@gi.ee
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Abstract. The Vilkiskes outcrop is approximately 40 metres high section of Quaternary sandy sediments, exposed in the slope of the Neris River valley and is located 15 km upstream from the city of Vilnius. The section is composed mainly of sand with one till layer in the middle part. The outcrop is of particular interest due to typical section of sandy formation presumably of lacustrine origin, occurring under the till. This formation is widely distributed in the vast area in between Vilnius city and Nemencine town, according to the data of geological mapping, and represents a particular period of nonglacial sedimentation of Saalian time. The new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates (determined by A. Molodkov), obtained from the Vilkiskes section, fall into the time span of 307–230 and 147–137 ka. The age of the lower part of Vilkiskes lacustrine section (dated 307–230 ka by OSL) looks closest to the two ice free stages, which can be correlated with oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 7 (236–186 ka) and OIS 9 (328–301 ka). Ages of about 147.1 and 136.7 ka are obtained near the immediate contact with the underlying glacial lithocomplex. Assuming OSL ages, conditions of occurrence and palaeopalynological characteristics, the interval of the Vilkiskes outcrop with OSL dates falling into the time span 236–186 ka (OIS 7) can be introduced as the last Middle Pleistocene (Drenthe–Warthe) ice free interval in Lithuania, most probably, separating the Zemaitija and Medininkai stadials. The interval dated 147.1 and 136.7 ka is interpreted as the Pamarys Interstadial that tentatively can be correlated with the Zeifen Interstadial in the Kattegat Depression suggesting the existence of a "Younger Dryas"-type climate oscillation just prior to the OIS 6/5e boundary.
Key words: lacustrine sedimentation, sandy deposits, OSL dating, Drenthe–Warthe Interstadial, Vilkiskes ice free interval, Quaternary, eastern Lithuania.
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VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGES DURING MERKINE INTERGLACIAL (EEMIAN) IN LITHUANIA
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Vaida SEIRIENE1, Ona KONDRATIENE1
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1 Institute of Geology and Geography, T. Sevcenkos 13, 03223 Vilnius, Lihuania; e-mail: seiriene@geo.lt
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Abstract. The main features of vegetation and climate changes during Merkine Interglacial (Eemian) are discussed in the paper. Pollen data of about 34 sections were used in this study. Calculated climatic parameters indicate warmer and damper climate during the climatic optimum than at present in Lithuania. The mean year temperature fluctuated from +11 to +13°C, mean January temperature from +1 to –1°C and mean July temperature – from +22 to +23°C. Number of precipitation’s ranged from 1080 to 1100 mm. The natural vegetational changes took place during the climatic optimum, climatic changes played an insignificant role.
Key words: pollen, vegetation, temperature, climate, Eemian Interglacial.
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COMPARISON OF SUBFOSSIL DIATOMS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM TWO OLIGOTROPHIC LAKES: MAŁY STAW (KARKONOSZE MTS., POLAND) AND SOMASLAMPI (LAPLAND, FINLAND)
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Elwira SIENKIEWICZ
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Department of Quaternary Geology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warszawa, Twarda 51/55, Poland; e-mail: esienkie@twarda.pan.pl
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Abstract. Holocene diatoms were studied from sediments cores retrieved from Mały Staw Lake in Karkonosze Mts. in Poland and from Somaslampi Lake in Finnish Lapland. In the core from Mały Staw Lake (882 cm long) 184 taxa representing 30 genera were identified. With respect to ecological preferences indifferent forms were the most abundant. The core was divided into six diatom assemblage zones (DAZ: DMS-1–DMS-6) based on CONSLINK cluster analysis. The core from Somaslampi Lake was 249 cm long. The number of taxa identified was significantly higher (250 taxa belonging to 40 genera). In the latter core four diatom assemblage zones (DAZ: DS-1–DS-4) were recognized. Alkaliphilous and indifferent taxa predominated in Somaslampi Lake. Despite the differences in climatic conditions, natural habitats and bedrock, numerous diatom species occur in both lakes; however, they differed in abundance. Generally, the most abundant taxa with respect to biogeography represent forms of the so-called nordic-alpine provenance, typical for oligotrophic lakes.
Key words: diatoms, oligotrophic lakes, Karkonosze Mts., Lapland, Finland.
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PALAEOVEGETATION OF EUROPE DURING THE BØLLING–ALLERØD INTERSTADIAL COMPLEX WARMING (12.4–10.9 ka BP) |
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Aleksandra N. SIMAKOVA1, Aleksander Yu. PUZACHENKO2
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1 Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: simakova@ginras.ru
2 Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny 29, 119017 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: puzak@newmail.ru
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Abstract. The available pollen data on 186 sites (896 samples) of the Bølling–Allerød interstadial complex (12.4–10.9 ka) were summarised and entered in the electronic database. Results of the classification of sections with palynological data were analysed in the GIS. Based on the species composition and diversity of plants, as well as peculiarities of their ranges, we can establish the palaeovegetation coenoses during the latest interstadial warming of the final stages of the Late Pleniglacial.
Key words: pollen data, palaeovegetation, Bølling–Allerød interstadial complex, Europe.
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CALIBRATION OF TEMPERATURE CARBON ISOTOPIC EFFECT (PEAT BOGS HALA IZERSKA, IZERSKIE MTS. AND SZRENICA, KARKONOSZE MTS.)
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Grzegorz SKRZYPEK1, Mariusz O. JĘDRYSEK 1, Anna KELLER-SIKORA2
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1Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland; e-mails: buki@ing.uni.wroc.pl, morion@ing.uni.wroc.pl
2Polish Geological Institute, Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; e-mail: ankel@interia.pl
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Abstract. Two Polish peat cores, from Karkonosze and Izerskie Mts., have been selected to calibrate carbon isotope ratios in peat versus temperature of vegetation. The vertical peat cores, c. 160 to c. 195 cm long, representing the last 4500 years, were divided into 4–6 cm thick intervals. The d13C value ranges from –26.85 to –21.81‰. Peat profiles analysed have been correlated due to 14C dating. Temperature and humidity have been monitored by means of HOBO Oneset automatic system. The vegetations periods determined for Karkonosze (1240 m altitude) was from 29 April to 7 October with average temperature c. 9.2°C and for two points at Hala Izerska — from 27 April till 7 October with average temperature 10.4°C (at 857 m a.s.l., forest ) and 11.5°C (at 843 m a.s.l., open area). It has been concluded that change of temperature of vegetation by about 1°C result in about –0.83 ‰ decrease in carbon isotope ratio of peat forming plants.
Key words: stable isotopes, carbon, temperature, peat core.
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RECONSTRUCTION OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE AUGUSTOVIAN INTERGLACIAL ON THE BASIS OF SELECT PLANT MACROFOSSIL TAXA
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Renata STACHOWICZ-RYBKA
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Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Cracow, Poland; e-mail: rysta@ib-pan.krakow.pl
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Abstract. Lacustrine and fluviolacustrine organic deposits from the Czarnucha and Żarnowo profiles (NE Poland) have been examined by means of the analysis of macroscopic plant remains. The total of 264 samples have been examined, and a detailed analysis of species has shown that there are a dozen or so extinct species as well as those which are of a clear climactic and environmental significance. The location of the macroscopic plant remains which required a particular climate is associated with the warm and cold periods recorded by pollen analysis. It has been found out that such megaspores as Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia natans, fragments of nuts and thorns of Euryale cf. ferox and Trapa natans as well as some nuts of Scirpus atroviroides and Carpinus betulus occurred in the warm periods whereas Betula nana and Selaginella selaginoides existed in the cold periods. Both profiles abound in the species which tolerate an increased content of NaCl in their environment.
Key words: macroscopic remains of plants, Augustovian Interglacial, the Augustów Plain, northeastern Poland.
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TERRESTRIAL DEPOSITS FROM THE SŁUPSK BANK AS AN EVIDENCE OF THE LATE GLACIAL AND EARLY HOLOCENE BALTIC SEA LEVEL
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Szymon UŚCINOWICZ1, Joanna ZACHOWICZ1
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1 Polish Geological Institute, Marine Geology Branch, Kościerska 5, 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mails: szymon.uscinowicz@pgi.gov.pl, joanna.zachowicz@pgi.gov.pl
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Abstract. The site of Late Glacial and Early Holocene peat and limnic sediments at eastern part of Słupsk Bank were investigated by seismoacoustic profiling, lithological, pollen and molluscs analyses, and 14C datings of 3 sediments cores. There is an evidence that from the last deglaciation to the beginning of the Littorina transgression c. 8000–7500 years BP, the Słupsk Bank was a land area, and the maximum water level of the Baltic Ice Lake and the Ancylus Lake was lower then 24–25 m below the present sea level.
Key words: peat and limnic deposits, pollen spectrum, 14C dates, Late Glacial, Early Holocene, Słupsk Bank, Baltic Sea.
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