GEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY
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Ryszard DADLEZ
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Holy Cross Mts. area - crustal structure, geophysical data and general geology
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............99
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At the start of international seismic experiment CELEBRATION 2000 an attempt at the compilation of the present geophysical and geological data in the Holy Cross Mountains and their surroundings has been made. Five geological units of the first order and four their dividing fault zones have been distinguished in the area studied: uplifted part of the Precambrian Craton (A), Lublin Unit (B), Radom-Łysogóry Unit (C), Kielce-Nida Unit (D), and Upper Silesian Massif (E). They are separated by fault zones: Kock Fault Zone (1) between A and B, Kazimierz Fault Zone (2) between B and C, Holy Cross Fault (3) between C and D, Cracow-Lubliniec Fold Zone (4) between D and E. The first and last units bordering the area are not discussed in this paper. Units B and C are built on the cratonic crust up to 54 km thick. Unit C is composed of poorly correlated mosaic of crustal blocks with crust 35-45 km thick. Fault zones 1 and 3 coincide with crustal fractures while zone 2 has not its counterpart in crustal structure.
Ryszard Dadlez, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: August 26, 1999; accepted: October 15, 1999).
Key words: Holy Cross Mountains, gravity, deep seismic soundings, crustal structure, regional geology
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Kazimiera LENDZION
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Some biostratigraphic problems of the Cambrian in the Holy Crossand Nida areas of Poland
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............107
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No Vendian or lowermost Lower Cambrian deposits have yet been encountered in the Holy Cross Mts. and Nida Trough. The Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mts. is represented by Lower, Middle and Upper Cambrian deposits, containing both macro- and microfossils. The Lower Cambrian begins with deposits containing a non-trilobite fauna that does not allow precise age determination. The overlying Cambrian deposits are subdivided on the basis of trilobite faunas. Unfortunately, the species are often endemic, and correlation with the Scandinavian biostratigraphic scheme is limited.
Kazimiera Lendzion, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: August 26, 1999; accepted: November 15,1999).
Key words: Holy Cross Mts., Cambrian, biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography
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Zbigniew SZCZEPANIK
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Acritarchs from Cambrian deposits of the southern part of the Łysogóry unit in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
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............117
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The palynology of the Cambrian claystones and mudstones of the Góry Pieprzowe Shale Formation in the southern part of the Łysogóry region (Holy Cross Mts., Poland) are described. These deposits had been referred to the Middle Cambrian of the Paradoxides paradoxissimus and Paradoxides forchhammeri Superzones. Here, rocks from 10 shallow drillings and several exposures in the Opatów region have been examined. Scarce and poorly preserved acritarch assemblages contain several forms that are indicative for the Upper Cambrian, while the genera Acanthodiacrodium, Cymatiogalea, Stelliferidium, Trunculumarium, Nellia, Impluviculus, Calyxiella, and Veryhachium excludes the possibility of a Middle Cambrian age. Rather, these forms suggest the Upper Cambrian, most probably its middle and upper part.
The occurrence of the rocks of this age to both north and south of the Łysogóry quartzite outcrops indicates tectonic repetition of the geological structure in the Main Range of the Holy Cross Mountains.The dark colours of palynoflora from the Pieprzowe Mountains in Sandomierz are identical with the colours of the Cambrian microflora from the Łysogóry region, and differ from the bright colours characterising organic matter in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains. This suggests a tectonic relation of the Pieprzowe Mountains with the Łysogóry region rather than with the Kielce region, as hitherto thought.
Zbigniew Szczepanik, Holy Cross Mts. Branch, Polish Geological Institute, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, Poland (received: August 26, 1999; accepted: November 3, 2000).
Key words: Holy Cross Mts., Łysogóry unit, Cambrian, acritarchs
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Wiesław TRELA
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Sedimentological record of changing hydrodynamic conditions in the upper Tremadoc deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
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............131
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In the upper Tremadoc, in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones are interbedded with chalcedonites and claystones. The deposits were probably laid down when the late Tremadoc transgression reached its maximum. Storm currents influenced deposition at times while, during calm periods, sedimentation of chalcedonites, clayey cherts and clays took place. Weak bottom currents affected the deposition of siliceous layers. The deposits accumulated on a distal shelf.
Wiesław Trela, Holy Cross Mts. Branch, Polish Geological Institute, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, e-mail:
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(received: January 20, 1999; accepted: August 30, 2000).
Key words: Holy Cross Mts.,Ordovician, Late Tremadoc, chalcedonites, transgression, storm deposits
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Wiesław TRELA, Sylwester SALWA and Zbigniew SZCZEPANIK
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The Ordovician rocks of Pobroszyn in the Łysogóry region of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
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............143
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In the village of Pobroszyn near Opatów, a faulted section of Ordovician deposits represented by upper Tremadoc clayey-silty lithofacies, upper Arenig carbonate-phosphorite lithofacies and Upper Ordovician claystones with limestone interbeds, were identified. The upper Tremadoc is dated on basis of acritarch. This is the first time that upper Tremadoc deposits have been documented in the Łysogóry region. The late Arenig transgressive deposits were probably preceded by emergence in the latest Tremadoc and early Arenig. The Ordovician rocks from Pobroszyn are intensely tectonised. Two groups of faults, oblique and longitudinal, are distinguished. The first one strikes from 120-140°, and dip to NE at 40-45°, and the second one that strikes 15-25° and dips 65-80° to E.
Wiesław Trela, Sylwester Salwa and Zbigniew Szczepanik, Holy Cross Mts. Branch, Polish Geological Institute, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, Poland, e-mail:
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(received: August 26, 1999; accepted: October 3, 2000).
Key words: Holy Cross Mountains, Łysogóry region, Ordovician, lithofacies, acritarchs, tectonics
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Jerzy ZNOSKO
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New data on Caledonian, Alpine-style folding in the Holy Cross Mts., Poland
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............155
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There has been a century-long debate on the nature of the major orogeny in the Holy Cross Mts. Some research workers consider that they were folded during the Variscan orogeny, and that Caledonian movements were responsible only for the formation of mesostructures. Others provide evidence for great folding movements and detachments, suggesting that strong Caledonian compression formed or "squeezed out" Ordovician-Silurian synclines; they consider Variscan deformation to be of platform-type. Laramide and Late Alpine platform-type faults also deformed the Holy Cross Mts. Ordovician haematites show 3 generations of folds in the Brzeziny Syncline, showing it to be over 250 m in amplitude. This structure is thus not a mesostructure but a large-scale structure formed as a result of orogenic compression. The Devonian-Carboniferous cover shows a platform tectonic style. Differences in style between the folded Cambro-Silurian basement and the unconformably overlying Devonian-Carboniferous sedimentary cover are great and cannot be explained in terms of different rock competence. These tectonic relationships are supported by borehole and geophysical evidence. The Caledonian faulting style is identical in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. and the northern Łysogóry area. Laramide and Late Alpine stresses are likely related to Atlantic ocean-floor spreading; stresses acting on the crystalline margin of the East European Craton rejuvenated tectonic lineaments in the Holy Cross Mts. and deformed the Devonian-Cenozoic cover throughout the Polish Lowlands.
Jerzy Znosko, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland (received: November 11, 1999; accepted: March 10, 2001).
Key words: Caledonian folding, Cambrian, Ordovician, Brzeziny Syncline, Devonian-Cenozoic platform cover
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Jacek GRABOWSKI and Jerzy NAWROCKI
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Palaeomagnetism of some Devonian carbonates from the Holy Cross Mts.(Central Poland): large pre-Permian rotations or strain modifiedpalaeomagnetic directions?
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............165
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Palaeomagnetic studies of Middle and Upper Devonian carbonate rocks in the Holy Cross Mts. (Central Poland, SW foreland of the East European Craton - EEC) involved samples from the southern (Kielce) and northern (Łysogóry) unit. Haematite-bearing carbonates showed syn-folding remagnetisation of Early Permian age. The pole of this component is situated on the apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the EEC. The syn-folding age implies deformation of the Variscan syncline during Alpine uplift of the Holy Cross Mts. In dark limestones and dolomites magnetite was a dominant magnetic mineral. The age of magnetisation is interpreted as pre-Late Carboniferous: syn-folding in one locality and either pre- or syn-folding in four others. Four poles calculated from these components are shifted to the NW from the reference southern APWP for the EEC and one pole is concordant with its Early Carboniferous segment. The occurrence of rotated and unrotated palaeomagnetic poles could indicate that some fragments of both Kielce and Łysogóry units were subjected to local clockwise rotations during Variscan compression. An alternative explanation might be that Variscan pre- and/or syn-folding components could be strain modified or resultant magnetisations and they should not be used in palaeotectonic reconstruction.
Jacek Grabowski and Jerzy Nawrocki, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail:
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,
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(received: November 21, 2000; accepted: February 15, 2001).
Key words: Poland, Holy Cross Mts., Devonian palaeomagnetism, remagnetisation
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Andrzej KONON
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Tectonics of the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Outer Carpathians, Poland)
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............179
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The structure of the Magura Nappe, within the zone of maximal bending of the Western Outer Carpathians, is described; investigations were concentrated mainly in the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit. A zone, bounded to the north and south by duplexes, comprises large characteristic synclines (Snieznica, Lubogoszcz, Szczebel, Klimas, Lopien, Cwilin, Lubon Wielki). These appear on maps as isolated "island mountains", in the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit. These synclines contrast strongly with the belt-like distribution of regional folds to the west and east of the area. The synclinal massifs developed gradually. Fold belts several hundred metres long developed in the first phase of overthrusting of the Magura Nappe, with horizontal N-S compression dominant. Thrusts separating the individual subunits developed when the face of the overthrusting Magura Nappe stopped and the stress continued to push its southern parts forwards. The next phase, with continuing horizontal N-S stress included the development of strike-slip faults and the bending of the Carpathian Arc, resulting in extension of this part of the orogen. The syncline zone within the Beskid Wyspowy Subunit underwent disintegration and particular blocks became independent. Rotation of blocks with individual synclines took place along fault zones. In the part of the Polish Outer Carpathians investigated this stage is also characterised by a change of compression from N-S to NNE-SSW. Due to the uplift of this part of the Carpathians, strike-slip faults changed into dip-slip faults in the terminal part of this phase. reconstruction.
Andrzej Konon, Institute of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland (received: December 12, 2000; accepted: March 7, 2001).
Key words: Western Outer Carpathians, Magura Nappe, brachysynclines, mesostructures, block rotation, paleostresses
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Gerard GIERLINSKI, Elzbieta GAZDZICKA, Grzegorz NIEDZWIEDZKI and Grzegorz PIENKOWSKI
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New ornithischian dinosaur footprints in the Jurassic of Poland
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............205
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New stratigraphic horizons with the ornithischian footprints have been found in central Poland. Basal thyreophoran ichnites are reported from the middle Hettangian Skloby Formation of Gromadzice. They support the previous conclusion that small and medium-sized Early Jurassic ornithischians preferred a coastal habitat with low-rise vegetation. Another find, an ornithopod footprint, came from the early Kimmeridgian Glowaczow Formation of Ozarow quarry. The track was discovered within the shallow-marine succession of calcareous deposits, which contributes to the interpretation of synsedimentary emersion of that area during the early Kimmeridgian.
Gerard Gierlinski, Elzbieta Gazdzicka and Grzegorz Pienkowski, Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail:
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; Grzegorz Niedzwiedzki, Piotrowice 91/5, PL 23-107 Strzyzewice, Poland, e-mail:
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(received: February 14, 2001; accepted: March 8, 2001).
Key words: Poland, Hettangian, Kimmeridgian, Ornithischia, dinosaurs, footprints
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