Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

   PDF

2. Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate

   • Bob Dickson, Jens Meincke, Peter Rhines

   Pages 1-13

3. The Inflow of Atlantic Water, Heat, and Salt to the Nordic Seas Across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge

   • Bogi Hansen, Svein Østerhus, William R. Turrell, Steingrímur Jónsson, Héðinn Valdimarsson, Hjálmar Hátún et al.

   Pages 15-43

4. Volume and Heat Transports to the Arctic Ocean Via the Norwegian and Barents Seas

   • Øystein Skagseth, Tore Furevik, Randi Ingvaldsen, Harald Loeng, Kjell Arne Mork, Kjell Arild Orvik et al.

   Pages 45-64

5. Variation of Measured Heat Flow Through the Fram Strait Between 1997 and 2006

   • Ursula Schauer, Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, Waldemar Walczowski, Eberhard Fahrbach, Jan Piechura, Edmond Hansen

   Pages 65-85

6. Is Oceanic Heat Transport Significant in the Climate System?

   • Peter Rhines, Sirpa Häkkinen, Simon A. Josey

   Pages 87-109

7. Long-Term Variability of Atlantic Water Inflow to the Northern Seas: Insights from Model Experiments

   • Michael Karcher, Ruediger Gerdes, Frank Kauker

   Pages 111-130

8. Climatic Importance of Large-Scale and Mesoscale Circulation in the Lofoten Basin Deduced from Lagrangian Observations

   • Jean-Claude Gascard, Kjell Arne Mork

   Pages 131-143

9. Freshwater Storage in the Northern Ocean and the Special Role of the Beaufort Gyre

   • Eddy Carmack, Fiona McLaughlin, Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Motoyo Itoh, Koji Shimada, Richard Krishfield et al.

   Pages 145-169

10. Modelling the Sea Ice Export Through Fram Strait

    • Torben Koenigk, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Helmuth Haak, Johann H. Jungclaus

    Pages 171-191

11. Fresh-Water Fluxes via Pacific and Arctic Outflows Across the Canadian Polar Shelf

    • Humfrey Melling, Tom A. Agnew, Kelly K. Falkner, David A. Greenberg, Craig M. Lee, Andreas Münchow et al.

    Pages 193-247

12. The Arctic–Subarctic Exchange Through Hudson Strait

    • Fiammetta Straneo, François J. Saucier

    Pages 249-261

13. Freshwater Fluxes East of Greenland

    • Jürgen Holfort, Edmond Hansen, Svein Østerhus, Stephen Dye, Steingrímur Jónsson, Jens Meincke et al.

    Pages 263-287

14. The Changing View on How Freshwater Impacts the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

    • Michael Vellinga, Bob Dickson, Ruth Curry

    Pages 289-313

15. Constraints on Estimating Mass, Heat and Freshwater Transports in the Arctic Ocean: An Exercise

    • Bert Rudels, Marika Marnela, Patrick Eriksson

    Pages 315-341

16. Variability and Change in the Atmospheric Branch of the Arctic Hydrologic Cycle

    • Mark C. Serreze, Andrew P. Barrett, Andrew G. Slater

    Pages 343-362

17. Simulating the Terms in the Arctic Hydrological Budget

    • Peili Wu, Helmuth Haak, Richard Wood, Johann H. Jungclaus, Tore Furevik

    Pages 363-384

18. Is the Global Conveyor Belt Threatened by Arctic Ocean Fresh Water Outflow?

    • E. Peter Jones, Leif G. Anderson

    Pages 385-404

19. Simulating the Long-Term Variability of Liquid Freshwater Export from the Arctic Ocean

    • Rüdiger Gerdes, Michael Karcher, Cornelia Köberle, Kerstin Fieg

    Pages 405-425

20. The Overflow Transport East of Iceland

    • Svein Østerhus, Toby Sherwin, Detlef Quadfasel, Bogi Hansen

    Pages 427-441

The Ocean-Atmosphere-Cryosphere s- tem of the Arctic is of unique importance to the World, its climate and its peoples and is changing rapidly; it is no accident that the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) was the first comprehensive regional assessment of climate-impact to be conducted. Reporting in 2005, ACIA concluded that changes in climate and in ozone and UV radiation levels were likely to affect every aspect of life in the Arctic. In effect, the ACIA process was essentially one of prediction: projecting that large climatic changes are likely to occur over the 21st century and documenting what might be their projected impacts. Although the ACIA Report was based on the most modern synthesis of obser- tions, modelling and analysis by hundreds of Arctic scientists, it notes with clarity that its conclusions are only a first step in what must be a continuing process. nd Reporting in November 2007, the 2 International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) has recently made much the same point. To make its proj- tions with higher confidence, --- to take the crucial second step in other words, -- both reports plainly state the need for a more complete and detailed understanding of the complex processes, interactions, and feedbacks that drive and underlie ‘change’ at high northern latitudes, including particularly the long-term processes of circulation and exchange in our northern seas where much of the decadal ‘m- ory’ for Arctic change must reside.

• Arctic Ocean
• Arctic change
• Atlantic Ocean
• Atlantic thermohaline circulation
• Coast
• Meteorology
• North Atlantic
• Ocean
• Ocean fluxes
• Scale
• Sea ice
• climate change
• satellite
• temperature
• wind

• Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK

  Robert R. Dickson

• University of Hamburg, Germany

  Jens Meincke

• University of Washington, Seattle, USA

  Peter Rhines

Policies and ethics