Slope Stability and Erosion Control: Ecotechnological Solutions

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-v

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2. Introduction to Ecotechnological Solutions

   • Alexia Stokes, Joanne E. Norris, John R. Greenwood

   Pages 1-8

3. An Introduction to Types of Vegetated Slopes

   • Joanne E. Norris, John R. Greenwood

   Pages 9-15

4. Hillslope Processes: Mass Wasting, Slope Stability and Erosion

   • Rens van Beek, Erik Cammeraat, Vicente Andreu, Slobodan B. Mickovski, Luuk Dorren

   Pages 17-64

5. How Vegetation Reinforces Soil on Slopes

   • Alexia Stokes, Joanne E. Norris, L. P. H. van Beek, Thom Bogaard, Erik Cammeraat, Slobodan B. Mickovski et al.

   Pages 65-118

6. Hazard Assessment of Vegetated Slopes

   • Joanne E. Norris, John R. Greenwood, Alexis Achim, Barry A. Gardiner, Bruce C. Nicoll, Erik Cammeraat et al.

   Pages 119-166

7. Species Selection for Soil Reinforcement and Protection

   • Joanne E. Norris, Antonino Di Iorio, Alexia Stokes, Bruce C. Nicoll, Alexis Achim

   Pages 167-210

8. Ecotechnological Solutions for Unstable Slopes: Ground Bio- and Eco-engineering Techniques and Strategies

   • Vicente Andreu, Hayfa Khuder, Slobodan B. Mickovski, Ioannis A. Spanos, Joanne E. Norris, Luuk Dorren et al.

   Pages 211-275

9. Ecotechnological Solutions for Slope Stability: Perspectives for Future Research

   • Alexia Stokes

   Pages 277-282

10. Back Matter

    Pages 283-287

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This chapter describes the processes involved in the transport of material over hillslopes. Hillslopes provide the gradients enabling material to be transported from the slopes themselves towards the valley bottoms, directly by gravity alone, or by water flowing down over the surface. Gravity has the potential to transfer material downslope if the material resistance to counteact it is insufficient. Similarly, water and wind flowing along the surface exert a drag on soil particles and have the potential to entrain material. After the gradient has fallen below a critical threshold to keep the material in tra- port, deposition occurs. Conventionally, slope processes in which gravity alone is the dominant transporting agent are called mass movements (Brunsden 1984). Processes in which other agents dominate are called erosion, e.g. wind or water erosion. Flowing water is an important transporting agent on which the emphasis is placed here. Although mass wasting is a natural process its incidence and impact may be exacerbated by human activities (Crozier 1986; Morgan 2005). A situation may ultimately arise in which human interests become unsafe or unsustainable. This impact is not only directly felt in the areas where material is removed or deposited and indirectly mass wasting may have an effect on soil and water quality in areas located further downstream. In the following sections a brief overview is given of the mechanisms, morphology, causes and consequences of mass movements and erosion.

• AgroMicro
• Erosion
• Vegetation
• forest
• hazard
• landslides
• roots
• soil

• Halcrow Group Ltd., Peterborough, UK

  Joanne E. Norris

• INRA, Montpellier, France

  Alexia Stokes

• Jacobs UK Ltd., Glasgow, UK

  Slobodan B. Mickovski

• University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

  Erik Cammeraat

• Utrecht University, Netherlands

  Rens Beek

• Forest Research, Roslin, UK

  Bruce C. Nicoll

• Université Laval, Québec, Canada

  Alexis Achim

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