Special Papers - Tom 23 (2008)

 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP “RELATIVE SEA LEVEL CHANGES
– FROM SUBSIDING TO UPLIFTING COASTS”


June 19–20, 2005, Gdańsk, Poland

 

Scientific Editors: Szymon UŚCINOWICZ, Joanna ZACHOWICZ



PREFACE

The international workshop “Relative sea level changes – from subsiding to uplifting coasts” was held June 19–20, 2005, in seat of the Polish Geological Institute Marine Geology Branch in Gdańsk-Oliwa – the beautiful district of Gdańsk, located between the sea coast and forested morainic hills. The workshop was organized by Polish Geological Institute Centre of Excellence: Research on Abiotic Environment (REA) and INQUA Sub-Commission of Coastal processes and sea-level changes – North-West Europe Working Group. This event was also associated to the 5th Baltic Sea Science Congress in Sopot.
The main issue of the workshop was the contribution to a better understanding of the complex interrelationships between processes, such as land uplift and subsidence, sediment transport, compaction etc. and climate change, and their role as driving forces for relative sea level change. Particularly, for the management of coastal systems, different strategies have to be developed for sinking and rising coasts depending on their geological settings.
The Baltic Sea is exceptional as it allows studies of both, uplifting and subsiding coasts, in one and the same basin. Therefore, the Baltic plays a key role as a natural laboratory for the investigation of the cause and effect relationship between geosphere, climate and anthropogenic impacts for the development of coastal systems. In order to reconstruct the sea level history at varying geological settings and time periods specific methods have been developed. A combination of data analysis and modelling allow to predict future developments in sea level and coast-line change. This predictive potential of geosciences is of special importance for the design and planning the sustainable development of coastal zones.
The workshop was attended by 51 scientist from Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Russia and Sweden. During the workshop recent progress and questions within relative sea level change topics were discussed. The two days sessions were opened by two key-note lectures given by Jan Harff and Svante Björck followed by 15 oral and 12 poster presentations. Oral and poster presentations did provide the background for a scientific discussion and did built a bridge between the disciplines in order to deepen the understanding of driving forces and specific behaviour of the change of relative sea level in different geological and tectonic settings. Cross-disciplinary exchange of ideas gave a synergy effect by a better and more holistic understanding of the complex processes of coastal zone development. The workshop served also as an excellent occasion for creating networks to international research groups. The scientific discussions were continued within beautiful old park in Oliwa where participants visited the great outdoor exhibition of Marek Ostrowski's aerial images of Polish landscapes entitled “GEA means the Earth”. Special interest of visitors caused the “Polish coast from the eagle’s eye view” – part of the exhibition presented southern Baltic lagoons, barriers, dunes, beaches, cliffs and towns in aerial photography.
This volume of Polish Geological Institute Special Papers presents the papers submitted by authors as the extended versions of the presentations which were given during the workshop. The volume contains 12 papers which cover all main topics presented and discussed during the workshop.


Szymon UŚCINOWICZ and Jan HARFF




LAGOON SEDIMENTS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE VISTULA SPIT: GEOCHRONOLOGY, SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS


Albertas BITINAS1, Vadim BOLDYREV2, Aldona DAMUŠYTE1, Alma GRIGIENE1,
Giedre VAIKUTIENE3, Rimas ŽAROMSKIS3

1 Geological Survey or Lithuania, 35 Konarskio St, 03123 Vilnius, Lithuania; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 1 Prospect Mira, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
3 Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 21/27 Ciurlionio St., 03100 Vilnius, Lithuania; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 9–20

Abstract. Lagoon gyttja layers occurring in anomalously high position (up to 2.5 m above the present-day sea level) are known from the central part of the Vistula Spit (Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation). Complex investigations of lagoon sediments (gyttja, sand), including radiocarbon (14C) dating as well as mollusc, pollen and diatom analyses, have been carried out in 2004–2005. The results of these investigations indicate that the lagoon sediments were deposited in the Late Subboreal–Early Subatlantic period in a shallow freshwater, overgrown basin periodically influenced by brackish water. The anomalously high level of the lagoon gyttja is determined by neotectonic activity of Earth’s crust blocks.

Key words: gyttja, lagoon sediments, neotectonics, Vistula Spit, Baltic Sea.


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AN ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE THE PARTLY CONFLICTING DATA AND IDEAS ON THE ANCYLUS–LITTORINA TRANSITION

Svante BJÖRCK1, Thomas ANDRÉN2, Jorn Bo JENSEN3

1 GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Dept. of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Sölveg. 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
3 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Oster Voldgade 10, D-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 21–26

Abstract.
The transition phase between the Ancylus and Littorina stages of the Baltic Sea is an old controversial topic. With the newest data available we try to reach a compromise between the “dramatic” model, including a sudden and large drainage of the Ancylus Lake, and the idea of a non-existing Ancylus drainage through Denmark. This new model includes a minor, perhaps 5 m, sudden erosion and forced regression slightly before 10,000 cal. yrs BP. This was followed by a 200–300 yr long period when the outlet through Denmark and Great Belt (Dana River) was characterized by a variable fluvial environment creating fluvial, levée and lacustrine deposits. During this period of rapidly rising sea level, we postulate that the gradient between the Ancylus Lake and sea level gradually decreased from some 5 m until sea level had reached the Ancylus and Darss Sill level. After this point in time occasional pulses of marine water could easier enter into the Baltic basin, which is seen as brackish pulses as early as 9800 cal. yrs BP in records from the Bornholm and Gotland basins, but also from Blekinge. It would, however, take another c. 1500 years before the Öresund threshold was flooded by the rising sea level, causing a significant rise in salinity sometime between 8500–8000 cal. yrs BP, and marking the true onset of the Littorina Sea.

Key words: sea level, Ancylus Lake, Littorina Sea, Baltic Sea.


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DATING LITTORINA SEA SHORE LEVELS IN DENMARK ON THE BASIS OF DATA FROM A MESOLITHIC COASTAL SETTLEMENT ON SKAGENS ODDE, NORTHERN JUTLAND

Charlie CHRISTENSEN1, Anne Birgitte NIELSEN2

1 National Museum of Denmark, Danish Prehistory/Environmental Archaeology, Frederiksholms Kanal 12, DK-1220, Copenhagen K., Denmark; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Quaternary geology, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K., Denmark; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 27–38

Abstract. The Mesolithic settlement site of Yderhede on Skagens Odde is interesting because it lies on Denmark’s highest Littorina coastline, 13 m above present-day sea level. The settlement was founded on peaty ground on the shore of a sheltered fjord. Pollen-analytical investigations have been carried out on marine/brackish gyttja deposits containing refuse from the settlement. These marine sediments were formed as a result of a transgression starting around 5300 cal. BC, reaching a maximum of 13 m above present sea level. Settlement took place during a subsequent regression and ceased in connection with a new Atlantic transgression. Subsequently, the lagoon silted up partly due to isostatic land upheaval of the area. The settlement lies on flat ground below the marked raised coastal cliff that runs from Frederikshavn to Hirtshals. The formation of this cliff has previously been assigned to the time of the Littorina Sea, but it is now suggested that it was formed in Late Glacial times.
The two transgressions demonstrated here have been fitted into the overall pattern for sea-level change in Denmark. Subsequently, on the basis of well-dated sea-level curves for Southern Scandinavia, dates are given for the highest shore levels of the Littorina Sea. As a result of the interaction between increasing upheaval in a north-easterly direction and the general sea-level rise during the Littorina transgression, the maximum in the Gothenburg area (23 m isobase) occurs as early as 6300 cal. BC, whereas the maximum at the 0 m isobase in Southern Denmark first occurs around 3600 cal. BC.

Key words: Littorina transgression, sea-level change, shorelines, Mesolithic coastal cultures, pollen analysis, Holocene.


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CHANGING SEA LEVEL AT SINKING COASTS – COMPETITION BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Jan HARFF1, Michael MEYER1

1 Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestr. 15, Warnemünde, Germany; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 39–44

Abstract. Changes of coastlines have economic and social impact on the human population concentrated in coastal areas. The investigation of coastal change processes becomes important particularly at sinking-retreating-coast for future planning, and the derivation of scenarios must be based on the understanding of the driving processes. It is well known that coastal change is a complex result of an interaction of climate driven eustatic sea level change and vertical crustal movements. An index is given that allows to distinguish between coasts controlled by glacio-isostatic processes and those determined by the climatic forces of coastal morphogenesis. A simple model allows reconstructions of the palaeo-geographic history of sinking coasts. Prognostic scenarios of coastal change are possible by applying of parameterized vertical crustal movement data and sea level change data derived from climate modeling. These data have to be superimposed with the influence of storm events. The coupling of processes on different time scales between hours and millennia are questions under investigation.

Key words: seal level, coastline changes, modeling and future scenarios, Baltic Sea.


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REVIEW AND REINTERPRETATION OF THE POLLEN AND DIATOM DATA FROM THE DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTHERN BALTIC LAGOONS

Grażyna MIOTK-SZPIGANOWICZ1, Joanna ZACHOWICZ1, Szymon UŚCINOWICZ1

1 Polish Geological Institute, Marine Geology Branch, 5 Kościerska str., 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.; Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.; Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 45–70

Abstract. According to their origin, geomorphology and hydrology, the fresh/brackish-water bays and coastal lakes of the Southern Baltic coast can be treated as lagoons. They developed at the time of and as a result of the Atlantic (Litorina) transgression of the Southern Baltica. There are many publications about the origin and evolution of the lagoons and lakes along the Polish coast of the Southern Baltic (e.g. Przybyłowska-Lange, 1973a, b, 1974, 1979, 1981; Zaborowska, 1977; Zachowicz, 1977, 1985; Wypych, 1980a, b; Zachowicz et al., 1982; Bogaczewicz-Adamczak, Miotk, 1985a, b; Dąbrowski et al., 1985; Zachowicz, Zaborowska, 1985; Borówka et al., 2001a, b, 2002). Nevertheless, the origin of the lagoons has not been fully explained. In the light of present-day information the results of earliest investigations often need to be reinterpreted. The aim of this work was the correlation of the published and unpublished pollen and diatom diagrams from Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Southern Baltic lagoons, and their relation with radiocarbon dating. The pollen and diatom diagrams from the area of north-east Germany and the Curonian Lagoon (Kabailiene, 1999; Jahns, 2000; Kaiser et al., 2000; Endtmann, 2002; Bitinas et al., 2002) have been used for comparison. For the palynological sites, the local pollen assemblage zones (L PAZ) have been identified according to Janczyk-Kopikowa (1987). Comparison of the biostratigraphical data allowed us to define the approach time of the formation of the lagoons in their present-day position on the coast as well as to determine the periods of an accelerated sea-level rise and increased frequency of storm surges (so-called marine transgression phases) when the investigated areas had been under the direct influence of the sea. Such influences are visible about 7000, 6000, 5000 and 4000 years BP. This period of marine influences, about 1000-year long, corresponds very well to the same period of climate oscillations mentioned by Stuiver and Braziunas (1993), Stuiver et al. (1995) and Chapman and Shackelton (2000).
The influence of the sea in the Post-Litorina period was associated mainly with the inflow of sea water through more or less developed barriers, so they are not synchronous.

Key words: pollen and diatom analyses, lagoons, sea-level changes, Holocene, Baltic Sea.

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TSUNAMI EVENTS WITHIN THE BALTIC

Nils-Axel MÖRNER

Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Rösundavägen 17, SE-13336 Saltjöbaden, Sweden; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 71–76

Abstract. During the deglacial period, Sweden was characterised by an extremely high seismic activity. The Swedish Paleoseismic Catalogue includes 54 events, 16 of which were associated with tsunami events.

Key words: tsunami events, paleoseismics, the Kattegatt, the Baltic, Sweden.

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VARIABLE ISOSTATIC UPLIFT PATTERNS DURING THE HOLOCENE IN SOUTHEAST SWEDEN, BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION AMS RADIOCARBON DATING OF LAKE ISOLATIONS – A PRELIMINARY INTERPRETATION

Jan RISBERG1, Göran ALM1, Tomasz GOSLAR2

1 Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory, ul. Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 77–80

Abstract. To describe changes in shoreline configuration in northern Uppland, south-east Sweden, the isolations of 17 present and overgrown lakes have been interpreted from diatom analysis and AMS radiocarbon dates on terrestrial macrofossils. The sites studied are spread c. 60 km in east-west and c. 70 km in north-south direction. The oldest isobase direction, representing the “Neolithic Sea”, extends in more or less north-south direction. The present day isobase system shows a clear east-west trend. The results indicate a complicated pattern of isostatic uplift during the late Holocene. We have defined five different shore displacement curves denoted A–E. It is obvious that the present day east-western isobase system is not valid for the investigated sites. Instead, the north-south isobases for the “Neolithic Sea” should to a relatively high degree explain the geographic distribution of sites. It is suggested that a re-direction of the isostatic uplift pattern has occurred sometime during the last c. 5000 years. This shift could have taken place as a slow deformation of the bedrock and/or as neotectonic movements along existing fault lines.

Key words: isostatic uplift, AMS radiocarbon dating, Holocene, southeastern Sweden.


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PROGLACIAL LAKE SHORELINES OF ESTONIA AND ADJOINING AREAS

Alar ROSENTAU1, Jüri VASSILJEV2, Leili SAARSE2, Avo MIIDEL2

1 Institute of Geology, Tartu University, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.; Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 81–86

Abstract. A uniform database of the proglacial lake coastal landforms of Estonia, Latvia and NW Russia was created and used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of proglacial lakes using the kriging point interpolation and GIS approaches. Correlation of the Late Glacial coastal landforms confirms that the proglacial lake stage A1 in Estonia is synchronous with the BglI level in Latvia and with one level in NW Russia of undefined index. Proglacial lake A1 was formed concurrently with the Pandivere-Neva ice-margin about 13,300 cal. yrs BP. Proglacial lake A2 level formed probably about 12,800 cal. yrs BP and correlates with the level of BglII in Latvia and GIII in NW Russia. Simulated isobases of proglacial lake water-levels show a relatively regular pattern of the land uplift along the eastern coast of the Baltic and in the northern part of the Lake Peipsi basin, with a steeper tilt towards the northwest. Isobases in the southern part of the Lake Peipsi basin are curving towards SE and are up to 14 m higher than expected from the regional trend. This phenomenon can reflect the forebulge effect during the deglaciation and its later collapse. Shoreline reconstruction suggests that proglacial lakes in the Peipsi and Baltic basins were connected via strait-like systems and had identical water levels. Our reconstructions also show that after the glacier halted at the Pandivere-Neva ice margin about 13,300 cal. yrs BP, there was a connection with the initial Baltic Ice Lake in the west of the Gulf of Riga.

Key words: proglacial lakes, water level simulation, Baltic Ice Lake, Estonia, Latvia, NW Russia.

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NUMERIC DE-COMPACTION OF HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS

Nico SCHMEDEMANN1, M.-Th. SCHAFMEISTER1, Gösta HOFFMANN1

1 Freie Universität Berlin, Fachrichtung Planetologie und Fernerkundung, Malteserstr. 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Institut für Geography and Geology Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstr. 17A, 17487 Griefswald, Germany; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
3 Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 87–94

Abstract. Sea-level development is often determined by the interpretation of Holocene sediments. To do this, sea-level curves are fixed by dating organic enriched sediments and measuring their depositional heights. Organic enriched sediments like organic mud or peat which are usually well dateable are also susceptible to compaction. To correct the layers for initial sediment thickness and consequently the depositional heights for dated sediments, it is necessary to de-compact the sediment sequence for the dated point. By this the correct paleo-surface at the time of deposition can be reconstructed. The software “DeLos” (Dekompaktion von Lockersedimenten) is written to perform the time consuming calculations in a fast way. The software assumes that sediments are composed of an incompactable solid part and compactable pore space.
DeLos shows that the surface displacement could easily reach magnitudes of 50% within high compactable sediments. Especially such layers with large thicknesses of several meters are often used to get vertical profiles for time-depth correlation (Brown, 1975). Due to compaction processes the dated samples are remarkably displaced.

Key words: peat, mud, sediment, compaction, de-compaction, modelling, Holocene.

 
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A NEW MAP OF THE NEVA BAY BOTTOM SEDIMENTS AND TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS UNDER THE RESULT OF SIDE-SCAN SONAR PROFILING

Mikhail A. SPIRIDONOV1, Darya V. RYABCHUK1, Yuri P. KROPACHEV1, Elena N. NESTEROVA1, Vladimir A. ZHAMOIDA1, Henry VALLIUS2, Aarno KOTILAINEN2

1 All-Russia Geological Institute (VSEGEI), Sredny Prospect 74, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
2 Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Betonimichenkuja 4, FIN-02151 Espoo, Finland; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 95–108

Abstract. In summer 2004, Department of Marine and Environmental Geology of VSEGEI carried out investigations of the Neva Bay bottom surface east of the St. Petersburg Flood Protective Dam using a side-scan sonar system. The main aim of this experimental work was the creation of a new “factographical” map of bottom sediments and different types of technogenic objects. State geological surveys of the Neva Bay bottom were carried out by VSEGEI in 1987–1989. Besides, geoenvironmental investigations were conducted here in 1993–1995 and 2000–2002. As a result, a set of maps of bottom sediments based on hundreds of sampling stations (both cores and grab-sampler) were compiled. Side-scan investigations of 2004 allowed more exact recognition of the bottom sediment distribution. Furthermore, in some places new data permit to suppose that the sedimentary conditions have changed here during the last decades as a result of high technogenic load, including Flood Protective Dam influence. In summer 2004 there were a joint expedition of the VSEGEI and the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK). Altogether 10 sampling stations from the mud accumulation areas were sampled with a use of Niemisto corer. Cores were sliced in 1 cm samples and analyzed in chemistry laboratory of GTK (Finland) – gamma spectrometry for 137Cs, ICP-AES and ICP-MS, whereupon important results about heavy metals concentration and distribution were received.

Key words: side-sonar investigations, sedimentary processes, the Neva Bay.


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DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHERN COASTAL ZONE OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND (FROM LEBYAZHYE TO THE ST. PETERSBURG FLOOD PROTECTIVE DAM)

Gennady A. SUSLOV1, Darya V. RYABCHUK1, Elena N. NESTEROVA1, Elena K. FEDOROVA1

1 All-Russia Geological Institute (VSEGEI), Sredny Prospect 74, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 109–116

Abstract. In July–September 2004 and April 2005, the specialists of the Department of Marine and Environmental Geology of All-Russian Geological Institute (VSEGEI) conducted field studies of the coastal zone of the Gulf of Finland from thesouthern alignment of the St. Petersburg Flood Protective Dam to Lebyazhye. The basic purpose of the studies is the analysis of coastal zone dynamics. Along the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland from Lebyazhye to the Dam, three different coastal dynamics zones were identified: (1) flat accumulative shore with aquatic plants, (2) erosion zone and (3) zone of modern sand accumulation. Along-shore sand drift in the eastern direction was also determined. Alongside with routine observations, the comparative analysis of space photography images of the study area, carried out during last 20 years, allowed finding out that as a result of intense eastward sand transfer, as mush as 80 metres of sand accumulative bodies have been eroded since 1982 near the village of Izhora. To the west of a small river, a 230-metres long sand split has been formed since 1982.

Key words: sand drift, coastal zone dynamics, southern coastal zone of the Gulf of Finland.

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A CRITICAL REVIEW AND REINTERPRETATION OF BIO-, LITHO-
AND SEISMOSTRATIGRAPHIC DATA OF THE SOUTHERN BALTIC DEPOSITS

Joanna ZACHOWICZ1, Grażyna MIOTK-SZPIGANOWICZ1, Regina KRAMARSKA1,Szymon UŚCINOWICZ1, Piotr PRZEZDZIECKI1

1
Polish Geological Institute, Marine Geology Branch, 5 Kościerska str., 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.

str. 117–138

Abstract. The aim of this study was the reinterpretation of the published and unpublished Late-Pleistocene and Holocene pollen and diatom diagrams of deposits from the sedimentary basins of the Southern Baltic Sea and the correlation of the distinguished biostratigraphic units with lithological parameters, seismostratigraphic units. Chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene was also made.
To facilitate the correlation and reinterpretation of the results of biostratigraphic (palynological and diatom) analyses, new unified and simplified diagrams were drawn using the POLPAL software. Such diagrams were constructed for all the sites under comparison, even for those of no numerical data. In such cases, the published diagrams were scanned and their percentage values were the basis for new diagrams.
A review and reinterpretation of biostratigraphic data show an almost complete lack of palynological documentation and diatom diagrams for the Late Pleistocene period and poor documentation for the Early Holocene. Middle and Late Holocene Baltic muds have the best biostratigraphic documentation and radiocarbon dating, which greatly facilitates their location on the geological time scale.
Among the Southern Baltic postglacial sediments three lithostratigraphic units were identified. They differ in their lithological features reflecting the conditions prevalent in the sedimentary basin during deposition. It should be noted that these units meet no formal criteria for distinguishing lithostratigraphic units. Similarly, within the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of Southern Baltic deep-water basins, three main seismostratigraphic complexes have been identified.
The integrated analysis of seismoacoustic profiles, lithological profiles of cores and reinterpretated biostratigraphic data allow a correlation of the bio-, litho- and seismostratigraphic units with chronostratigraphic units and Baltic evolutionary phases.

Key words: pollen and diatoms diagrams, 14C datings, bio-, litho- and seismostratigraphy, Late Pleistocene and Holocene, Southern Baltic Sea.


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